Background: Febrile seizures defined as seizures that occurs between the age of six and sixty months, with a temperature of 38 degree C or higher, that are not the result of central nervous system infection or any metabolic imbalance and that occur in the absence of a history of prior afebrile seizures. One of the important things in febrile seizures that are discussed is the status of serum magnesium in children with febrile seizures and it was mentioned that the risk of febrile seizures increased with low serum magnesium in children. A seizure is a paroxysmal alteration of neurologic function caused by the excessive, hyper- synchronous discharge of neurons in the brain. Epileptic seizure is used to distinguish a seizure caused by abnormal neuronal firing from a nonepileptic event, such as a psychogenic seizure. Epilepsy‖ is the condition of recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Objective: To investigate the status of serum magnesium in children with febrile seizures compared to controls. Patients and Methods: This is a case control study that was conducted on children with febrile seizures in Imbaba general hospital and El-Husseein university hospital during the period from 1st of May 2018 to last of March 2020. The study was carried out on 50 children aged between 6 months and 5 years old presented with febrile seizure and 50 Children with fever without seizures in the emergency as a control group cross matched regarding age and sex. Results: Magnesium (Mg) level decreased significantly in case study when compared with control (Mg; 1.54±0.48 mg/dl versus 2.05±0.27 mg/dl) with statistically significant difference also Calcium (Ca) level decreased significantly in case study (Ca; 8.69±0.42 mg/dl versus 9.14±1.11 mg/dl)and lastly potassium level (K) decreased significantly in case study (4.08±0.38 mg/dl versus 4.39±0.54 mg/dl) while associated with insignificant decrease of sodium level (Na) in case study (138.32±2.58 mg/dl versus 138.83±1.95 mg/dl), respectively. Conclusion: Magnesium level decreased significantly in cases with febrile convulsion when compared with children with fever without convulsion.
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